二手飞机怎么买|7个要素值得思考7 elements worth considering

二手飞机，不论是私人飞机，还是空客飞机或者波音飞机，市场需求量还是非常大的。就私人飞机而言，一些成功商务人士，旅行出差是能够用到。而，像二手适航波音飞机、空客飞机，用于货物运输，也是有必要，节省了购买新大飞机的费用，又能发挥物流运输的必须价值。关于购买二手飞机， 有7个要素值得思考。

The market demand for second-hand aircraft, whether it is private aircraft, Airbus aircraft, or Boeing aircraft, is still very high. As for private jets, some successful business people can use them for travel and business trips. However, it is also necessary to use second-hand airworthy Boeing and Airbus aircraft for cargo transportation, which saves the cost of purchasing new large aircraft and can also leverage the necessary value of logistics transportation. There are 7 elements worth considering when it comes to purchasing second-hand aircraft.

1、二手飞机的价格

由于二手飞机为现货飞机，而且飞机配置及状态为既定，为此二手飞机的价格商定至关重要。二手飞机的的价格取决于如下几个因素：

飞机使用过的日历时间；

飞机使用过的飞行小时数；

飞机使用过的起落次数；

飞机的选装设备部件；

飞机是否做过重大修理；

该飞机是否有飞机发动机厂商或其他服务商的维修（担保）计划；

飞机的维修状况及维修记录是否完整；

2、飞机产权查询

二手飞机的产权情况有时较为复杂，该信息可以由飞机权益公司或航空代理人提供。这个查询主要包括注册者身份及后续者身份、任何抵押纪录、所有的前拥者(销售者不在其列)或者权益注册过程中的任何缺陷。

3、二手飞机购前审查

二手飞机的交付前全面审查是非常重要的。在购机前一定要做好购前审查工作，确保飞机的质量和适航性。

如果是针对在国际上选购的二手飞机，最好是委托当地的技术人员与当地的维修机构合作开展购前审查工作。

购前审查工作是十分专业而繁琐的，需要专业的技术工程师完成。运营和保养良好的二手飞机都会留下完善的纸质资料，二手飞机购前审查也正是从这里开始，包括飞机维修记录、飞行日志、飞机文件及飞机重要材料等。

4、二手飞机预检

除了飞机的适航指令、维修通报外，仔细查阅每一页飞行日志是二手飞机预检的最重要内容。

“如果发现二手飞机的纸质记录材料缺失或者其中的任一方面(诸如飞机维修、安装、改装)记录不正确，那么更为全面的审查就势在必行。”

检查的主要内容包括目视检查机身结构，飞机部件及系统，驾驶舱与客舱，发动机，以及现场检查授权的修理和改装等。

特别需要注意的是，任何影响飞机重量和平衡的改动都必须记入主要维修和改动报告。

所有的改动都需要符合国家检测机构的要求，如欧洲航空安全局(EASA)和美国联邦航空局。

报告在核准的维修报告提交到相关的机构开始生效。非适航的二手飞机引进将面临更大的麻烦，包括更换相关航材及设备等以实现其适航，也可能很难再恢复适航。为此，买方对适航性的审查就至关重要。

5、二手飞机的特别条款

一旦购买前审查和预检通过并且你决定购买这架飞机，这些特约条款能够进一步确保你的采购得到保护。

包括如下：确保你打算购买的飞机的适航性，如不符合，出售者需要完善飞机的一切不足，使之能够适航。

6、二手飞机的合同

购买合同是飞机购买过程中最重要的一份法律文件，因此一定要非常慎重地处理。卖方通常会告诉买方：

“合同是不可更改的标准文本”。但事实上，几乎所有项目都是可以谈判的。

卖方的财务部门通常会对每一项更改进行估价，而他们只管价格，不太顾及到具体的内容。

而飞机购买合同通常包括合同正本及几个附件：

一、合同正本：说明飞机价格、交付时间、付款要求等。

二、附件：通常是飞机的标准性能、设备、技术状态说明。同时也包括飞机保修条款、售后服务条款、飞行员、维修人员的培训条款。

7、二手飞机的交付状态说明

中国注册的飞机一定要满足中国民航对该类飞机的要求。

因此，卖方要提供飞机出口中国的出口适航证，该证是飞机出口国的民航部门颁发的，一架二手飞机要得到出口适航证，必须满足出口国家对该飞机的要求，并满足飞机注册国家对该类飞机的要求。比如，中国注册的飞机必须有中文标识。“这是从国际上获取二手飞机，而从国内购买二手飞机则相对简单一些。

总体来说，从准备购买二手飞机到签署飞机销售合同，购买二手飞机是一个非常专业而且繁琐的过程，购机者通常需要在飞机贸易商的协助下完成相关工作，选择一家比较专业的飞机贸易商就显得极为重要。

1、 The price of second-hand aircraft

Due to the fact that second-hand aircraft are in stock and the aircraft configuration and status are predetermined, it is crucial to negotiate the price of second-hand aircraft. The price of second-hand aircraft depends on the following factors:

Calendar time used by the aircraft;

The number of flight hours used by the aircraft;

The number of takeoffs and landings used by the aircraft;

Optional equipment components for aircraft;

Has the aircraft undergone major repairs;

Does the aircraft have a maintenance (warranty) plan from an aircraft engine manufacturer or other service provider;

Whether the maintenance status and maintenance records of the aircraft are complete;

2、 Aircraft Property Inquiry

The property rights of second-hand aircraft are sometimes complex, and this information can be provided by aircraft equity companies or aviation agents. This query mainly includes the identity of the registrant and successors, any mortgage records, all previous owners (sellers not included), or any defects in the equity registration process.

3、 Pre purchase review of second-hand aircraft

A comprehensive pre delivery review of second-hand aircraft is crucial. Before purchasing an aircraft, it is necessary to conduct a pre purchase review to ensure the quality and airworthiness of the aircraft.

If it is for second-hand aircraft purchased internationally, it is best to entrust local technical personnel to cooperate with local maintenance agencies to carry out pre purchase review work.

The pre purchase review work is very professional and tedious, requiring professional technical engineers to complete. Used aircraft with good operation and maintenance will leave complete paper documents, and the pre purchase review of used aircraft starts from here, including aircraft maintenance records, flight logs, aircraft documents, and important aircraft materials.

4、 Pre inspection of second-hand aircraft

In addition to the airworthiness instructions and maintenance bulletins of the aircraft, carefully reviewing each page of the flight log is the most important content for pre inspection of second-hand aircraft.

If it is found that the paper record materials of second-hand aircraft are missing or any aspect of them (such as aircraft maintenance, installation, modification) is recorded incorrectly, then a more comprehensive review is necessary

The main contents of the inspection include visual inspection of the fuselage structure, aircraft components and systems, cockpit and cabin, engines, as well as on-site inspection of authorized repairs and modifications.

It is particularly important to note that any changes that affect the weight and balance of the aircraft must be recorded in the main maintenance and modification report.

All changes need to comply with the requirements of national testing agencies, such as the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the Federal Aviation Administration of the United States.

The report takes effect when the approved maintenance report is submitted to the relevant organization. The introduction of non airworthy second-hand aircraft will face greater difficulties, including replacing relevant materials and equipment to achieve its airworthiness, and may also be difficult to restore airworthiness. Therefore, the buyer's review of airworthiness is crucial.

5、 Special terms for second-hand aircraft

Once the pre purchase review and pre inspection are passed and you decide to purchase this aircraft, these special terms can further ensure that your purchase is protected.

This includes ensuring the airworthiness of the aircraft you plan to purchase. If it does not meet the requirements, the seller needs to address all deficiencies in the aircraft to make it airworthy.

6、 Contract for second-hand aircraft

The purchase contract is the most important legal document in the aircraft purchase process, therefore